作者：李广琴
【Abstract】Writing is one of the most important skills that learners of English have to master， but it is difficult for them to master this skill. They often make mistakes while writing. This article suggests the reasons for these mistakes that occur frequently in the essays or reports of the learners and the ways of avoiding them.
【Key words】Error； Misunderstanding； Grammatical confusion； Concord
【作者簡介】李广琴，洛阳职业技术学院。
Learners of English usually find that writing is one of the most important skills they have to master. The majority of native speakers of English have to make an effort to write accurately and effectively even on those subjects which they know very well. The non-native learner， then is trying to do something that the ordinary native speaker often finds difficult himself.
It may prove helpful， therefore，， if I outline the two main types of error the learner of English is likely to make，I will also try to suggest the reasons for these errors and ways of avoiding them.
Firstly ， and most seriously， there is the type of error which leads to misunderstanding. And such mistakes are numerous. And here I'll be able to cover the most important ones.
Perhaps the most frequent cause of such mistakes is the use of：
1.Translation
Unfortunately ， translation is a difficult art which cannot be performed by one word to one word matching process .Students ， however ， often work out a sentence in their own language and then try to translate it in this way. The result is that the reader can not understand what the student has written. The individual word or phrase may make sense， but the sentence as a whole makes nonsense.Therefore the student should always try to employ sentence patterns which ， he knows， are correct English. Usually these patterns will be the simple ones he learnt in the earlier stages of his first English course. As he extends his knowledge of grammar through formal learning， through wide reading and through his contact with native English speakers， he'll be able to use a large number of such sentence patterns. Eventually he should aim to cut out translation altogether. He should， in fact， try to think in English.This is rarely possible in the earlier stages， however.
But it' s not the grammar which suffers when translation is employed. The voca-bulary may suffer， too. The use of translation dictionaries， unless they are very good and used with extreme care ， may make errors more probable.Another factor that is at work here is as follows：
